A visual history of the United Airlines livery

The United Airlines livery has always been iconic and trend-setting, and to this day I still cannot decide which one I like the best. Part of me is drawn to the Saul Bass livery of the 1970’s. Another part still has a thing for the Battleship Gray design from the 1990’s. At the rate that I’m going, I may never be able to declare one the winner over another.

My goal for this post is to document all the liveries of United Airlines as fast as I can illustrate them. One thing that you’ll notice right off the bat is that there is definitely a “United” style which shines through in each of the liveries. Let’s have a look:

The blue and white wedge livery: 1957-1963

The livery that launched United Airlines into the jet age was the iconic blue and white design (which was unveiled in 1957). It was a relatively simple livery, featuring an all-white top and a blue cheatline that ran the length of the fuselage and through the windows.

The vertical stabilizer featured a slim blue and red “wedge” graphic, which was divided by large “United” titles in a thick serif font. Note that there were several versions of this livery over the years, featuring different thicknesses of the red stripe as well as a completely different typeface for the United’s titles.

Friend Ship livery with four stars: 1972-1974

This was an evolution of the wedge livery. It featured a thicker red stripe, four blue stars on both the vertical stabilizer and fuselage (near the titles), and a modified “United” typeface. This was the last United livery before the iconic Saul Bass design was unveiled in 1974.

The United Airlines Saul Bass livery: 1974-1993

Immediately after completing my McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 template, I chose the United Airlines Saul Bass livery as one of my first painted versions of it. This color scheme, combined with this aircraft, is pretty much exactly what I think of when I think of “United Airlines” to this day.

Personally, I think this is a great livery. The cheat line is so 1970’s and 80′s, and the colors are borderline tacky by today’s standards. But that’s what makes it so great! It’s iconic, highly representative of it’s time, and it helped build a strong identity for one of the largest airlines in the world. It’s a significant part of Untied Airlines history.

On a side note, there were two versions of this livery. As you can see below, the first version featured smaller “UNITED” titles with the cheat line higher on the fuselage. Later, the cheat line was lowered to allow for larger titles:

United Airlines Battleship Gray livery: 1993-2004

The gray color scheme (better known as the “Battleship Gray” livery) was a complete and total departure from the Saul Baus design that preceded it. Most notably, it took on a dark and almost sinister look compared to that bright and colorful scheme that was synonymous with the brand for decades. This was bold new direction for United.

Unfortunately, we all saw what happened to this dark livery after years of of being exposed to blazing sunshine. Some of the aircraft wearing these colors had faded horribly and looked downright bad, with dull and peeling paint that even made me think twice about boarding one of those tired birds.

Pentagram swooped in for the rescue in 1998, with their new blue and white update featuring brighter colors and a (shocking) departure from the traditional blue/orange/red color treatments that had become synonymous with the United brand.

The United Airlines Blue Tulip livery: 2004-2010

Designed by Pentagram and introduced in 2004, this blue and white United Airlines livery was a refreshing departure from the dull and drab “Battleship Gray” livery that preceded it. It was unveiled at a time when United was still making money and had not yet entered bankruptcy, so I disliked the fact that it didn’t seem to have the rich sophistication of those dark and rich colors they were replacing.

I guess I sort of saw United as the global airline at that time, and going to an Euro-white color scheme with bright (almost obnoxious) blue accent colors didn’t seem to fit my high mental perception of the airline.

The United / Continental livery: 2010-2019

This is the livery that resulted in the merger of United and Continental in May of 2010. In my opinion, both United and Continental missed a great opportunity to pay tribute to the United brand and evolve the tulip design forward into the future. Instead, we got the entirety of the old Continental Airlines livery with United titles plastered on the front.

While I’m sure they saved a ton of money by re-using this livery, the new company was essentially reborn at that time and it would have been the perfect opportunity to press the “reset” button on their brand image and come up with something new and unrelated to those old and tired corporations.

Both of which, by the way, desperately needed to shed years of bad publicity (bankruptcy, poor service, etc) and emerge as a fresh new brand. Why they chose to save a few dollars and stick with the old look is beyond me.

I actually don’t mind this livery all that much. The straight horizontal cheat line through the center of the fuselage is somewhat dated, but the light colors compliment the vivid blue and gold in the logo nicely.

The “wavy” version of the Continental livery:

There was a modified (“wavy”) version of the Continental livery that was only used on the Boeing 787 and 737 MAX. In my opinion, this livery seemed like such an afterthought. They created it to help celebrate the significance of the aircraft it was painted on, but it was disappointing to me that they didn’t modify the tail graphics to integrate with the “wave” elements.

Despite not being a very big fan of it at first, I grew to like it. The gold stripe flows from the front of the aircraft very nicely from front to back, with really nice tension and weight. And if you look really closely, you’ll notice that the thickness of that gold stripe goes from thin to thick as it moves along the length of the fuselage.

They did a really good job there. But (there’s always a “but”) why on earth didn’t they flow that gold ribbon into the tail? It wouldn’t have worked well with the globe logo, but this livery was such a drastic change from the existing one anyway so I don’t know why they didn’t do anything with the tail. We may never know…

The new United livery: 2019-present

The all new United livery was such a big announcement that I gave it it’s own dedicated post. Head on over there to read all about how (and why) it came to be…

United Airlines Special liveries

United Airlines has never been known to paint their aircraft in special liveries, but it happens from time to time. Here is a partial list of some of the more significant special paint schemes:

Star Alliance livery

I’ve never been a big fan of the white and black Star Alliance livery, mostly because I think they are too plain and unimaginative. My perception has changed slightly after applying it to my 777-200 blank illustration template – primarily because it was necessary to really study this design (more than I ever have in the past) and I started to see details that I never saw before.

First, I think the Star Alliance font is simply beautiful. It’s the perfect weight and thickness for a billboard-style use such as this, and it’s san serif style oozes class and professionalism. Second, the Star Alliance logo is well-crafted.

Yes, I’ve seen it a million times before, but it wasn’t until I recreated it myself for this illustration that I realized how elegant it really is. The subtle gradient and silver tones really pop against the black tail color.

This particular United / Star Alliance livery was based on the 1998 United color scheme designed by Pentagram (in the section above), so that’s the reason for the blue engines (which would otherwise look out of place if it weren’t for that relationship).

On a side note, I think it would be interesting if the Star Alliance liveries had a lot more silver and black in them. The white fuselage is clean and simple, yet oh-so-boring. These are special liveries after all, so I think they should have went all-out and done something really different. Perhaps a silver fuselage with a black tail? I know, that’s probably too similar to the SkyTeam special liveries – but it is really sharp.

The “One Hundred” livery

This particular illustration depicts a very special aircraft in the UA fleet. It’s the “One Hundred” airframe, meaning that it was dedicated to 100 exceptional employees (as voted by their peers) who went above and beyond. The markings for this are subtle, with a small decal next to the main titles on the fuselage, as well as a plaque mounted inside that is visible upon boarding.

The 747-400 “Friend Ship” retirement livery

Prior to the retirement of the 747 in late 2017, United payed tribute to the queen of the skies by applying nostalgic “Friend Ship” titles to two of the remaining 747-400’s. This livery was short-lived, as it was only applied just several months before the retirement. It’s a shame they didn’t do it sooner!